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The haegeum is an instrument that has the features of both string and wind instrument, which harmonizes both sounds.
With its small bamboo soundbox and two strings on top, the haegeum is played by creating friction with a bow made of horsehair, thus displaying the characteristics of a string instrument as well as a wind instrument.
This is why the haegeum is also called bisabijuk (not a string instrument nor a wind instrument) and sisasijuk (both a string instrument and a wind instrument).
The haegeum¡¯s role in pungryu is to stay in the background and fill the gaps between the tunes.
Since the mid-Joseon dynasty, many people have written poems and added melodies to them to create songs.
The songs told stories of loyalty or filial duty and depicted beautiful nature. Some songs were about love and farewells.
Free-from songs were called sijochang, and songs that followed the strict forms and had accompaniments were called gagok.
This album consists of gagok performances with haegeum pyungryu tunes. The pieces sung with the haegeum are called namchang gagok.
Namchang indicates that the singer is male, the opposite of which is yeochang gagok.
This album introduces the nine most popular pieces among the 26 namchang gagok pieces accompanied with the melody of the haegeum.
The gagok originally consists of the song part, in which the sijo poem is sung, and the daeyeoeum and the jungyeoeum, in which the wind and string instruments accompany the song. The gagok begins with the daeyeoeum, the prelude, followed by the first, second, and third jang (movement), where the chojang (first line) and the jungjang (second line) are sung. After the jungyeoeum, which functions as the bridge, the jongjang (final line) is lengthened with the melody of the fourth and fifth movements. The first piece, Chosudaeyeop, replaces the daeyeoeum with the daseureum. The daseureum is a melody played before the music begins when all performers warm up and tune their instruments.
It is said that long pieces have their unique ambiance that does not change even if the lyrics may differ.
Here are some of the gajipungdohyeongyong (feelings and sentiment in songs) introduced in Gagokwonryu, one of the most representative songbooks from the late Joseon dynasty.
Chosudaeyeop
The dancer dances with long sleeves, and the lush willow tree swishes in the spring breeze.
Yisudaeyeop
Confucius shares his wisdom under the ginkgo tree, and the rain and wind are smooth and even.
Samsudaeyeop
The general goes to war afar, and the dancing sword defeats the thieves.
Eeonrong
The scene of many scholars debating shifts endlessly like the wind and the clouds.
Pyeonraksijo
Like the chaotic world of the warring states period, like the era when Chu and Han fought for the world.
This album reflects a diverse ambiance in the melodious tunes of the haegeum and geomungo.
The mountains sway, and a vast stretch of a river flows through the valleys just as time passes by.
[CREDIT]
Recording &mix&mastering by Lee HyoungWoo
Assist engineer Jo Yoon A
Recording &mix at studio Re
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